The Urban Setting Of Pompeii - 1247 Words

Introduction Ancient Pompeii was a planned city, like countless other Roman cities, military camps and forts. Roman colonies founded on open field sites display Roman grid planning, or Centuriation, at its most elaborate such as at Cesena, Padua, and Florence. Here, at Pompeii, a famous Italian town in antiquity because of its excellent preservation caused by the volcanic explosion of Mt. Vesuvius during the first century AD. The streets, canals, agriculture plots and public spaces were laid out along geometric lines and these striations are suggestive of an ordered arrangement reflected by the regular layout of a square grid, made famous by the Romans. However, unlike in the sites listed above, Pompeii exists as a unique example of Roman urban planning as it incorporates ideas of traditional grid style planning, but also more organic forms as well. In this assessment of the urban setting of Pompeii, there will be a brief historical overview of the city in terms of urban design and i ts rediscovery, followed by an analysis describing the importance of the domestic architecture, proceeding to evolution of the development and layout of the urban landscape and it affected the social fabric of the town. History of the Pompeiian Urban Setting Pompeii, whose heritage was originally Greek, had become overrun by the Samnites in the fifth Century BC and even at that this point had a plethora of urban buildings that predate Rome by several centuries. The Samnites greatlyShow MoreRelatedEssay on Prostitution in Pompeii2761 Words   |  12 Pagesremain sexually faithful to their husbands, while men were free to sleep with prostitutes and slaves as they wished. Prostitutes and Pimps Prostitutes were seen as both useful and unsavory at the same time (Flemming, 44). Mens nature required a setting aside of a class of degraded women to service them (McGinn, 214). The Augustan Laws regarding prostitution are a good illustration of the sheer hypocrisy men displayed with regard to the women in their society. For example, the Tax legitimized prostitutionRead MoreHouse of the Vetti and House of the Fawn Essay2749 Words   |  11 PagesCompare and contrast two Pompeian houses. What do they each tell us about the status of their owners? Within Pompeii, the size and decorative aspects of someone’s home explained a lot about their monetary wealth and what sort of social status they upheld. People who had money and good social status would decorate their homes with High Greek culture for example myths and mosaics of Greek heroes. Whereas people from a lower class, tended to use less grandeur within the decorative style of theirRead MorePompeii and Herculaneum Leisure Activities3640 Words   |  15 PagesPompeii and Herculaneum: Leisure Activities For each Ive chosen one main source, and gathered a variety of other sources to help explain and reinforce it further. I find that one source (particularly buildings alone) are not enough to base all of the information on, and you gain a more comprehensive understanding by combining them. Entertainment was essential to daily life in Ancient Rome.   According to Juvenal1, it seemed that all Romans were interested in was bread and circuses,   and withRead MoreA Direct Reflection Of Roman Culture1067 Words   |  5 Pagesaspects to be observed including the citizens focus on entertainment as a priority in their lives along with powerful individuals using entertainment for political gains. Popping up throughout the city of Pompeii were brothels also known as â€Å"houses of pleasure† and were located in neighborhoods settings throughout the city. They were filled with erotic paintings, graffiti and numerous small cubicles with built in beds. These brothels are significant because they indicated that the Roman people spent timeRead Moreï  ¶ HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF MODES OF CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS OF THE FOLLOWING PEOPLE: o BABYLONIANS o GREEKS o ASSYRIANS o EGYPTIANS o ROMANS3686 Words   |  15 Pagesbuildings were set out on brick modules. By 3500  B C, bricks were also being fired and surviving records show a very complex division of labour into separate tasks and trades. Life in general was governed by complex ritual and this extended to rituals for setting-out buildings and moulding the first bricks. Contrary to popular belief the arch was not invented by the Romans, but was used in these civilizations. The later Mesopotamian civilizations, particularly Babylon and thence Susa, developed glazed brickworkRead MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pagesphilosophy. Marketing is a relatively latest discipline having emerged in the early 1900s. Prior to this time most issues that are now commonly associated with marketing were either assumed to fall within basic concepts of economics (e.g., price setting was viewed as a simple supply/demand issue), advertising (well developed by 1900), or in most cases were simply not yet explored (e.g., customer purchase behavior, importance of distribution partners). Lead by marketin g scholars from several major

Native Americans- Minority Role Essay - 3423 Words

Thesis Since the arrival of the Europeans in 1492 the Native American has systematically been dehumanized, decivilized and redefined into terms that typify a subordinate or minority role, restricted life opportunities persist today as a result. I. Introduction-Majority/Minority group relations- the role of power II. Historical Overview A. Native American life before contact with the White man. B. Early contact, efforts at peaceful co-existence. C. Conflict and its consequences for Native Americans III. The continuing role of power A. Control techniques used by the majority group B. Native American life today, SES, housing, education, etc. Power†¦show more content†¦In most cases, the early explorers found the Native American peoples to be friendly and generous. Columbus was immediately struck by the peaceful, generous nature of the Taino. The Taino society was highly organized around a patriarchal hierarchy and distinguished by happiness and friendliness. Columbus frankly stated how surprised he had been to make friends with the Indians. He wrote, quot;They are gentle and comely people. They are so naive and free with their possessions that no one who has not witnessed them would never believe it. When you ask for something they have, they never say no. To the contrary, they offer to share with anyone... They willingly traded everything they owned...quot; (DiBacco, 1995) When the Europeans settlers started to arrive in the 16th- and 17th-centurys they too were met by Native Americans. â€Å"The Natives regarded their white-complexioned visitors as something of a marvel, not only for their outlandish dress and beards and winged ships, but even more for their wonderful technology - steel knives and swords, fire-belching arquebus and cannons, mirrors, hawkbells and earrings, copper and brass kettles, etc.† (Jordan, 1991). Increased interaction led to the Indians becoming less self-sufficient and economically dependent on the whites. As the years went on,Show MoreRelatedNative Americans- Minority Role3478 Words   |  14 Pagesin 1492 the Native American has systematically been dehumanized, decivilized and redefined into terms that typify a subordinate or minority role, restricted life opportunities persist today as a result. I. Introduction-Majority/Minority group relations- the role of power II. Historical Overview A. Native American life before contact with the White man. B. Early contact, efforts at peaceful co-existence. C. Conflict and its consequences for Native Americans III. The continuing role of power Read MoreFilm, Art And Literature Essay1338 Words   |  6 Pagesplatform for Native Americans to be acknowledged as a culture but also became a medium of racism and stereotyping due to the producers and creators in power. The way many portray and view Native Americans in film now can be traced back to when early films featured them. In the cinematic industry, â€Å"Native North American filmmaking and television broadcasting gained momentum, alongside the work of other minority groups, in the late 1960’s† (Raheja). Like many other minority groups, the American Indian group’sRead MoreMass Media, Legislation And Education Play Critical Roles Essay715 Words   |  3 PagesShahar Platt Group B Professor Rajan 3/3/15 Paper #3 Mass media, legislation and education play critical roles in times of conflict, deculturalization, and state-sponsored mass violence against civilians. During the Rwandan Genocide of 1994, members of Hutu power founded the radio station, RTLM, which encouraged violence against the rival Tutsi minority and had a significant impact on participation in killings by both militia groups and ordinary civilians. By spreading propaganda via broadcasts,Read MoreNative American Wom Health Disparity1337 Words   |  6 Pages Native American Woman: Health Disparity Kevin Villa Ramirez California State University, Sacramento As with many races and ethnicities, Native Americans have had the front row seat in social injustices related to gender and race from the social institutions in the United States. Native Americans faced much discrimination along with other groups when it came to educational institutions and businesses. In education, many young children had lower math and writing skills leadingRead MoreMedia s Portrayal Of The Black Age Of Media Essay1393 Words   |  6 PagesThe question arises what kind of ideas it puts in the minds of viewers about their society? Media plays an important role in developing an image of people from other countries or communities because many people have no personal contact with people from other countries and rely mainly on media for information about them (Harris). Unfortunately, media’s portrayal of different minorities is usually far from being accurate. They often misrepresent the reality thus promoting myths and stereotypes. StudiesRead MoreThe Unequal Treatment Of Minority Groups Essay1342 Words   |  6 Pageswe can repeatedly see the unequal treatment of minority groups. The U.S. has always tried to reap benefits out of each decision taken, and often does not take into consideration the rights and treatment of minorities. There are many ways they have conducted their injustices to different groups of people. The two important models of minority exclusion that have been discussed as being shared among Native Americans, African Americans, and Asian Americans are apartheid and economic or politica l disempowermentRead MoreEssay on Ethics of Native American Mascots1103 Words   |  5 Pages3 December 2011 Ethics of Native American Mascots Ethics of Native American mascots is a controversial topic and should not be argued against because they are used ethically, complementary, and respectfully. The Native American Mascot controversy is a topic that has presented itself in recent years all across the country. Though there have been some issues, complaints, and moral questions brought up about the Native American mascot dilemma by a minority group of people, there is no legitimate argumentRead MoreValidity Of Change Brought Forth By The American Revolution1660 Words   |  7 PagesDBQ- Validity of Change Brought Forth by the American Revolution The American Revolution was a movement that brought forward drastic changes within American society, bringing into light new and controversial ideas of equality and freedom to the colonies. The tension between Britain and the colonies brewed as the English Congress, Parliament, began to pass laws and taxes on colonies’ goods, sparking uproars and protests reminiscing about the past rule over the colonies- salutary neglect and a desireRead More The Presentation of Native Americans In Childrens Literature1615 Words   |  7 PagesThe Presentation of Native Americans In Childrens Literature In the 1970s the seed of change began to grow in childrens literature. Because American Indians and knowledgeable cultural anthropologists became authors of childrens books, Native American people and culture is now being seen in a more true and distinguishing light. Literature is immensely important when it comes to learning. There are four areas of development that literature takes a huge part in. The first area is languageRead MoreAnalysis Of Howard Zinn s The Mind Behind Dozens Of Books 1381 Words   |  6 Pagesgained most attention on his work, A People s History of the United States, published in 1980. Not only did he gain attention and praise for this book—Zinn also experienced a lot of controversy. Critics believe Zinn presents American history in a light most unfavorable to Americans. However, Zinn tells the story of the United States according to the common people—rather than the glorified political leaders. In the 1980 New York Times review of A Peoples History of the United States, Eric Forner argues

Texting And Driving Essay Free Essays

I do support in the fact that texting a driving should be considered illegal, mainly for the soul purpose that many people die because of the distractions on the road that your phone can cause. â€Å"In the past three years alone, 30 states have banned texting while driving, the only state that has not done it yet is Oklahoma. † (Delcour 2) You see on the news that there are many teenagers now a days that get into car accident why? BECAUSE THEY WERE TEXTING AND DRIVING! â€Å"Last year, despite assurance by S. We will write a custom essay sample on Texting And Driving Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now C.  lawmakers that a texting ban would be passed, obviously it died without coming up for a final vote. †(EDITORIAL 6) I know people who try to text and drive but we always remind them that there are other people in this care ad unless they want the guilt of their friends death due to their carelessness then that’s up to them. When I get behind the wheel of a car I turn my phone to silent and I don’t turn it back up until I that car is stopped and I get out of that car, I don’t sit there at a red light or a stop sign reading text messages or taking calls while I’m behind the wheel of a moving vehicle. It is unsafe to not only you but the people in your car, and the people outside of your car as well like other drivers, pedestrians, animals, etc. I think that if it were to become illegal then it should not only have one ticket for texting while driving but also another one for being stupid to put yourself and other in a dangerous risk of dying or getting seriously hurt. â€Å"Fifty-eight percent of those under 45 say texting while driving should be punished less severely than driving while intoxicated, while 65 percent of those over 45 say the severity of the punishment should be equal for both.† (CBS 6) I am still kind of a new driver myself but I do know how to stay safe on the road from anything that may distract me and end up causing a lot of damage. Dinosaurs have big bodies and small brains, when you step inside of a vehicle you now have a big body and a smaller brain. Don’t let that brain of yours end up making stupid decisions behind dangerous machinery like a car. Why do people text and drive? Because they think they can multitask, news flash no you can’t. You cannot pay attention to the road going 70 while talking to your friend at the same time because our minds were meant to comprehend only one thing at a time. Everyone says â€Å"oh I can multitask† and when they do they completely screw something up, just like driving if you don’t pay attention you will screw up bigger than falling off your bike and getting a skinned knee. If this was made illegal I am pretty sure that people wouldn’t obey it at first, but once they get into that accident due to that electronic distraction they will understand why it was made illegal. â€Å"Numerous recent studies document that using wireless communications, and specifically texting, is one of the most dangerous distractions for a driver, under many circumstances have there been deadly consequences How to cite Texting And Driving Essay, Essays

Deculturalization and Struggle for Equality †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Deculturalization and Struggle for Equality. Answer: Introduction The cross cultural management involves managing the different teams so that the differences in their preferences, culture and practices in the context of the international business market. In this report, the cross cultural differences between India and England will be elaborately explained. The challenges need to be identified based on the frameworks of the cross culturalism and based on it the recommendations need to be developed. The key factors that influences the business in both the countries will be explained with the help of the Hofstede framework. The Indian culture is an amalgamation of the different cultures that expands across India and has shaped a history that is almost several thousand years old. It is quite evident from the history that the Indian culture has been influenced by the different Dharmic religions. The culture highly identifies the lives of the people and is entailed on how they dress, speak, their food habits and almost every manner they live with. The cultures have been originated from ancient India and that includes their texts and scriptures. The culture of India is varied and unique and consists of the different informational aspects. The culture of England is often termed as the idiosyncratic cultural norms towards England and their people. The influential position of England within United Kingdom is very difficult to be differentiated from the culture of United Kingdom. Its culture has been influenced by the history of UK and its development with the island countries that has the liberal democracy as its major power. It is mostly from the composition of the countries like the Scotland, wales, England and the Northern Island that has their distinct cultures and customs (Viswanathan 2014). In order to explore the differences in culture between England and India the use of the Hofstede model and the GLOBE framework has been used. This dimension deals with the fact that not all individuals in the society are equal and possess the same attitude towards their cultural world. This is considered as the extension that has less members in the organizations and their institutions that is expected and accepted within the country. In India the score is high that is 77 on this dimension and thus indicates that the hierarchy is appreciated. The attitude of the Indians is to be dependent on the power holders, accepting their unequal rights between the privileged and the lesser ones. Control is accepted in their Indian society as the psychological security and the communication is directive and has a top down style. England ranks 35 in comparison to India and it has a lower ranking in the PDI system that has made the society believe that the inequalities can easily be minimized easily. Through research it can be shown that the PD index is lower than the high class Britain that is amongst the working classes. The PDI score is seemed to be incongruent with the historical and the well-established class systems that exposes one of the inherent tensions in the British culture. A sense of fair play drives a belief that all the people should be treated in an equal way. This is the dimension that deals with the degree of the interdependence that can be maintained amongst the members of the society. In an individualistic society people have a tendency to look after themselves only whereas in a collective society, people change their views and take care of each other. The score is 89 for England that has the highest Individualist scores that can only be beaten by Australia or the US (Simpson and Yinger 2013). It cannot be denied that the people in England are extremely private and individualistic and the route to happiness is through personal fulfillment. The score of India is 48 that deals with the individualistic and the collectivist traits in the society. The dominant philosophy is Hinduism in the Indian society. The Hindus believe in the concept of rebirth and death that is dependent on the individuals that has lived a preceding life. In India, the focus is primarily on the individualism that interacts with the collectivist tendencies in the socie ty, that leads to an intermediate score on the dimensions. A high score in this dimension shows that the society is driven by success, achievement and through competition that can add a value in their school and hence is continued throughout their organizational life. The low score in feminine dimension shows that the dominant value lies for care and quality of life in the society. The fundamental issue that needs to be highlighted is motivating people, wanting to be their best (Masculine) and liking to do what one usually wants (Feminine). In Britain the score is 66 that has been highly driven and success oriented. A point of contradiction only arises when the understatement and the modesty that acts as the odds arising due to the culture and the value system. In India, the score of this dimension is 56 and hence is considered as the Masculine society. In India, this is quite prominent in terms of the power and success on the visual displays and the designer brand has a label, ostentation and flash. This is one of the major dimension that has to do with the dealings in the society with the fact that the future can never be known and controlled (Spring 2016). The extent to which the members in the society are threatened by the unknown or the ambiguous situation and has created institution and beliefs that has to be avoided. In this dimension, the score of India is 40 and can be considered as having a medium low preference in this section. Only in India the imperfection can be accepted that has nothing to do with planning and as long as one can adjust nothing can be called impossible. This is that dimension that is considered as an extent to which almost all the people can try to control their impulses and their desires. The rank of India in this section is 26, that means that the culture is of restraint. The society has a low score in the dimension that has a tendency to pessimism and cynicism. The high score of England in this section indicates that the Low term orientation This is considered as that dimension in the society that maintains some of the links that has their own past when dealing with the challenges of the future and present (Rampton 2014). The score of India in this section is 51, that has a dominant preference in the culture that cannot be determined (Samovar et al. 2015). The concept of Karma in India is dominated by the philosophical and the religious thoughts. The society is often high on pragmatism that often forgets the lack of the punctuality. The intermediate score of England in this dimension is 51, that maintains a dominant preference in their culture. The people in the society often portray a high score while indulging and exhibiting the willingness so that the desires and the impulses can be realized. Usually they portray a positive attitude and optimistic attitude (Pieterse 2015). The Globe is an extended research program of Hofstede that can be done by investigating the cross cultural behaviors in leadership so that it might help the manager. This is considered as the degree when the members of the society expect the power to be shared unequally. It cannot be denied that England possess much more power than India. Their society is usually differentiated into the class sections and the power is seen to be the one providing in the social order. In India the middle class is throughout a large section and the power in the politics is unlike England which is related to corruption and coercion (Moran, Abramson and Moran 2014). This revolves around the support that is gained from the society on the procedures and the social norms that needs to be alleviated in the impulsion of some of the unfavorable events in the future (Klitmller and Lauring 2013 ). The Indians are seen to take up careful and moderate calculated risks and often maintains a level of formality in their interactions. In England there is often a concept that is still prevailing which is the informality in interactions. There is often a concept to keep few records in an orderly way and that is maintained in England. This deals with the people in the society to become tough, kind and modest. The high assertiveness in the society is viewed in England that has a high value in success, competition and progress. They often communicate clearly and directly unlike the society of India. India possess a low assertiveness that includes the value cooperation and also does indirect communication. This consists of the society that needs to be encouraged and rewarded for being caring, generous and fair to the rest of the people. India has a high humane orientation that limits the use of the child labor by the support of the public. In most of the cases the society is responsible for promoting the wellbeing of others and are often interested on others rather on themselves. In England the self interest is much important and the state government provides economic support to the individuals so that they can maintain a well being (Guo and Reinecke 2014). This is all about encouraging the people and the society that has a future oriented behavior. The orientation is high in India as they emphasize on working for a long term success and the organizations in this environment often is adaptive and flexible. People in England often prefer to be gratified as soon as possible and the organizations also tends to be inflexible (Dittmar et al. 2014). Institutional collectivism This means that the individuals should be integrated in groups that is within the society and the organizations. The high individualism is shown in India where the members presume that they are highly interdependent in the organization and they also encourage the loyalty in their group that is undermined by the pursuits of ones individual goals. The context is all about how the society maximizes the roles of the gender. It is tough to state this in comparison with India and England as both has more or less women employees in the authority and they consist of similar levels of educational attainment (Deresky 2017). In case of low gender differences, the occupational sex segregation is more. This is of taking pride in the memberships so that the family and their friends can make a circle of close groups (Banks 2015). In England the obligations and the duties are considered an important determinant in the context of the social behavior. The people often tries to relate and emphasize with the groups. This revolves around rewarding and encouraging people so that they can maintain excellence and a high performance rate. In England the rate is of high performance that values the development and the training and often waits for the formal feedbacks so that their performance can be enhanced. In India, the people often value family and societal relationships and tries to maintain a harmony with the environment (Almond and Verba 2015). Conclusion From this report a complete apprehension about the cultural differences between England and India has been explained. With the help of the Globe and the Hofstede framework, a complete analysis of the cultural differences between the two countries has been explained. References Almond, G.A. and Verba, S., 2015.The civic culture: Political attitudes and democracy in five nations. Princeton university press. Banks, J.A., 2015.Cultural diversity and education. Routledge. Deresky, H., 2017.International management: Managing across borders and cultures. Pearson Education India. Dittmar, H., Bond, R., Hurst, M. and Kasser, T., 2014. The relationship between materialism and personal well-being: A meta-analysis. Guo, P.J. and Reinecke, K., 2014, March. Demographic differences in how students navigate through MOOCs. InProceedings of the first ACM conference on Learning@ scale conference(pp. 21-30). ACM. Guo, P.J. and Reinecke, K., 2014, March. Demographic differences in how students navigate through MOOCs. InProceedings of the first ACM conference on Learning@ scale conference(pp. 21-30). ACM. Klitmller, A. and Lauring, J., 2013. When global virtual teams share knowledge: Media richness, cultural difference and language commonality.Journal of World Business,48(3), pp.398-406. Moran, R.T., Abramson, N.R. and Moran, S.V., 2014.Managing cultural differences. Routledge. Pennycook, A., 2017.The cultural politics of English as an international language. Taylor Francis. Pieterse, J.N., 2015.Globalization and culture: Global mlange. Rowman Littlefield. Rampton, B., 2014.Crossings: Language and ethnicity among adolescents. Routledge. Samovar, L.A., Porter, R.E., McDaniel, E.R. and Roy, C.S., 2015.Communication between cultures. Nelson Education. Simpson, G.E. and Yinger, J.M., 2013.Racial and cultural minorities: An analysis of prejudice and discrimination. Springer Science Business Media. Spring, J., 2016.Deculturalization and the struggle for equality: A brief history of the education of dominated cultures in the United States. Routledge. Viswanathan, G., 2014.Masks of conquest: Literary study and British rule in India. Columbia University Press. Vitkus, D., 2016.Turning Turk: English theater and the multicultural Mediterranean. Springer.

The Invincible and the taking over of technology Essay Example For Students

The Invincible and the taking over of technology Essay In recent years, new advances in technology have freed people from tedious tasks, enabling them to do more in less time. We have come to rely excessively on this technology, to the point that we may be giving computers too much intelligence and independence. If machines ever develop intelligence on a level that could challenge humans, will they find that the most efficient course of action for humans is removing them? Stanislaw Lems novel The Invincible tells of a race of robots that dwell on a planet and come to threaten the lives of a crew looking for their sister ship, The Condor. Robots were placed upon the planet millions of years ago and evolved according to the environment. They needed to destroy anything that would cause their species to discontinue, including humans. The Invincible proves that the advancement of intelligent machines will threaten our society one-day. We will write a custom essay on The Invincible and the taking over of technology specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Throughout history, humans have become fascinated with how far technology may someday take us. Works of science fiction through literature and entertainment have made it possible to uncover potential future developments. Levels of technological advancements are at an all time high, while computing power is set increase dramatically in coming decades. Gordon Moore, the co-founder of Intel, predicted, in what is now known as Moores Law, that the processing power will double every 18 months. This and the development of quantum computers may account for new tools toward artificial intelligence. Some have looked at this upcoming enhancement in artificial intelligence with anticipation and others with dread. Professor Hans Moravec, well known for his belief that machines will inherit the earth, believes that it is only the next logical step in evolution. Mechanical machines are capable of far greater learning and development and will therefore replace biological humans. John Leslie, professor of philosophy at Guelph Univerisy, predicted a number of ways these intelligent machines may cause the extinction of mankind. The super intelligent machines may argue to themselves that they are superior to humans. They may also develop the theory that the only way to save humans, is to save us from ourselves. They may eliminate some of us due to overpopulation trends or disease. Although we do not currently possess the ability to create such complex intelligence, many who are studying this field have thought of ways to prevent an intelligent machine takeover. Isaac Asimov, a quintessential author of more than 500 science fiction works, developed a group of fundamental rules humans would give to intelligent machines in order protect themselves. In Asimovs collection of short stories in I, Robot, he would give robots the command: A robot may not injure humanity, or, through inaction, allow humanity to come to harm. Yet many researchers have abandoned the hope of applying these simplistic laws. Machines will reach a degree of independence and break one rule to preserve another. This is seen in the movie I Robot, which was produced from taking Asimovs ideas and writings. Not only did the robots ignore the laws in this film, but tried killing the main character in order to preserve their existence. Suddenly machines are given an instinct of survival, though they possess no means of emotion or contemplation. This is exactly what can be seen in The Invincible, with robots that inhabit a planet and must destroy each other in order to exist. Robots begin to evolve, according to the environment, and many new species of the robots reside. However, after several thousand years, only the strong survive. This includes a species of robots that are similar to insects and travel in enormous packs. This explains why the shell of the Condor, The Invincibles sister ship, is eaten away at. The crew aboard the ship also suffers in that their memories are wiped away and they die slowly. The insect robots felt it necessary to due away with humans on the planet in order to prolong their existence. The Invincible shows how humans may react when confronted with an up-side down evolution. They first found the idea that robots inhibited the planet to be impractical, but when confronted with the evidence became fearful. People in the present time often go through three stages when examining the impact of new technologies. They at first enter a stage of awe and amazement, seeing how it may positively impact our culture. Then a sense of dread is accompanied after learning the potential takeover of the intelligent machines. Yet even if a distant danger does exist, it is much too early to start panicking. The third stage consists of taking a responsible path in order to try to prevent a replacement of the human race. Due to the increasing technologies and Moores law being proven, it is only a matter of time before artificial intelligence is fabricated. Trying to control the systems will not work in that they will become smart enough to unprogram themselves. Due to the nature process of evolution, humans will need to be replaced by machines, due to our incompetent nature. It is merely the next logical step in evolution. The Invincible shows a situation in which this may happen. The weak will eventually be eliminated as it is proven in this novel.

Free Essays on Problem Of Homelessness

Hardin vs. Kozol In Garret Hardin’s Lifeboat Ethics: The Case Against Helping the Poor and Jonathan Kozol’s The Details of Life, not many comparisons can be drawn. Ideology plays a large part in a person’s opinion and bias, therefore each author is speaking according to what he believes to be true. Both opinions differ greatly, but even amongst great divergence, similarities spring out. One of the more general similarities is that they are both actually trying to make a difference in people’s lives. The fact that these two articles can agree to disagree is already a basis for comparison. Although Kozol makes good points in trying to show us the individualistic point of view, Hardin’s ideas seem to hold more substance and show the ability to reach a larger percentage. Hardin’s ideas are based on the greater good, while Kozol tries to view people as individuals rather than a larger mass. While Kozol talks about his experienced and small case scenarios, Hardin states his objections on a more global scale with larger probable reach. Hardin seems to focus more on the statistical research; Kozol rarely states any percentages, leading the reader to believe that what Hardin is saying is essentially more factual and well thought out than Kozol’s idiosyncratic point of view. Hardin’s focus on poverty as a whole is on a scale of mass proportions. For this reason he is able to show poverty as a planetary problem, rather than on a smaller scale, such as a local city. If someone were to read Hardin’s essay in a country other than the United States, he or she would still understand the problem which Hardin was addressing. The reader from another country would notice that they could actually relate to or understand the situations that Harding was describing, rather than trying to understand Kozol’s issues on the local scale, such as individuals from a church in New York City. According to Hardin, the rapid increase in populat... Free Essays on Problem Of Homelessness Free Essays on Problem Of Homelessness Hardin vs. Kozol In Garret Hardin’s Lifeboat Ethics: The Case Against Helping the Poor and Jonathan Kozol’s The Details of Life, not many comparisons can be drawn. Ideology plays a large part in a person’s opinion and bias, therefore each author is speaking according to what he believes to be true. Both opinions differ greatly, but even amongst great divergence, similarities spring out. One of the more general similarities is that they are both actually trying to make a difference in people’s lives. The fact that these two articles can agree to disagree is already a basis for comparison. Although Kozol makes good points in trying to show us the individualistic point of view, Hardin’s ideas seem to hold more substance and show the ability to reach a larger percentage. Hardin’s ideas are based on the greater good, while Kozol tries to view people as individuals rather than a larger mass. While Kozol talks about his experienced and small case scenarios, Hardin states his objections on a more global scale with larger probable reach. Hardin seems to focus more on the statistical research; Kozol rarely states any percentages, leading the reader to believe that what Hardin is saying is essentially more factual and well thought out than Kozol’s idiosyncratic point of view. Hardin’s focus on poverty as a whole is on a scale of mass proportions. For this reason he is able to show poverty as a planetary problem, rather than on a smaller scale, such as a local city. If someone were to read Hardin’s essay in a country other than the United States, he or she would still understand the problem which Hardin was addressing. The reader from another country would notice that they could actually relate to or understand the situations that Harding was describing, rather than trying to understand Kozol’s issues on the local scale, such as individuals from a church in New York City. According to Hardin, the rapid increase in populat...

A reflection on the summer religious course Essay

A reflection on the summer religious course - Essay Example In spite of the fact that the Bible, as well as the works of the saints, was used, this course tries to be objective in order to make sure the students are able to make their decision according to their own views and not some framework that is being forced upon them. That is why this material may be interesting for those who are religious and not religious at all. Why is the course important? There are several reasons why this course is important. First of all, it provides students with a rather in-depth analysis of various texts that they would hardly be able to do. In other words, it shows the level of precision that is rarely achieved by a student while examining various materials that are connected to religion. Furthermore, it allows the students to see who the famous verses from the Old or the New Testament may be interpreted in order to get the correct meaning of them. This, in turn, teaches them to understand the texts of the religious right and develop the require objectivity of their opinion. The next reason why the course in question is important lies in the fact that it offers the different perspective on the same subject. Though Christian sacred texts are used, the course does not take a particular side in the discussion. In other words, it objectively provides the students with the information that can be later used to form their own judgments. Given the precision of the course in question as well as the abundance of the details, it surely should be recommended to the students.

Outcome 2,8,11,12 and 13 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Outcome 2,8,11,12 and 13 - Essay Example On examination, his pulse rate was 120 per minute and his blood pressure was 80/50mmHg. I immediately made a diagnosis of anaphylactic reaction and stopped the iron drip. I started oxygen and initiated plain saline drip. I gave 10ml per kg bolus. I then called the house officer who was appreciative of my immediate response to the reaction that saved the patient. Intravenous iron therapy is associated with risk of anaphylactic reactions that can be fatal. hence it is important to closely monitor any patient on intravenous iron therapy. The patient was worried and asked me as to what was the problem. I told him that he reacted to the drug that was administered to him. he then asked me as to what would be the other means of increasing his hemoglobin and I told him that the next option would be blood transfusion. Outcome 8 12 year old Annah, a known case of acute lymphatic leukemia was brought to the emergency department with complaints of fever. She has been on chemotherapy for the past 3 months. She has no other complaints except for feeling of weakness. On examination, her pulse rate was 120 per minute and the pulses were bounding. She was febrile and even respiratory rate was high. Her blood pressures were11/90mmHg. She appeared toxic. She also looked pale. Examination of the systems revelaaed no abnormality. I suspected neutropenia in this patient secondary to chemotherapy. I send blood samples for complete blood picture including neutrophil count, blood culture and urine culture. In view of rise in respiratory rate, I checked her saturations which were normal. I asked for an X-ray. The reports revealed neutropenia. I made a diagnosis of febrile neutropneia and called the oncologist who ordered to initiate broad spectrum anitbiotics ceftazidime and gentamycin, while awaiting culture results. The parents were worried and asked me about the cause of fever. I told them that due to cancer treatment, the defense mechanisms were lost which contributed to increased r isk of infections. It is very important for a nurse taking care of hematological cancer patients to be aware of the most significant and disastrous complication, febrile nuetropenia which needs admission and management in the hospital. Febrile neutropenia can lead to sepsis (Bedbie et al, 2000). If untreated, it can lead to severe sepsis and shock. Annah's parents were worried that she might go into shock. I understood the concerns of the patient and directed them to the physician's chamber to meet the physician who was more qualified to address the needs of the parents. Outcome 11 In our out-patient department, we often would encounter patients with iron deficiency anemia who would be started on oral iron supplements. Iron supplements are very nasty because they can cause many side effects like abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and constipation, because of which compliance is very poor. There was one particular 55 year old gentle man who had persistent low hemoglobin levels despite iron therapy. Infact, we were planning to evaluate for other causes of hemoglobin when his wife told us that he was not taking his medication regularly because of side effects. I then told the patient into confidence and educated him about the important and benefits of iron therapy. I told him to take iron medication about one hour after meals to minimise side effects and also to have the best absorption possible. I told the patient to drink some orange juice after taking iron

Article Critique Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Article Critique Assignment - Essay Example It is at this time that companies have to make use of effective communication regarding employee benefits. Many employees are not even aware that their benefits like health plans, employer-paid life insurance, pension deposits, tuition reimbursement programmes and employee assistance programmes amount to roughly one third of their salary. Wise employers would try to make clear to the worried employees at these times that the benefits they are provided are a way to show how much their service are appreciated. Effective explanation of the real value of benefits will lead to higher levels of employee satisfaction. This will also reduce the instances of talented employees being lured by seemingly higher salaries, since the awareness of the real value of their benefits would help them make realistic calculations, which will convince them why it is better to stick on to their current job. Communication helps not only to retain talent, but to maintain the morale as well. Those who are worri ed about the lack of bonuses and incentives, and the fear of staff cuts, the reassurance that their compensation is as much as 25% more than what they thought it was could curb the bitterness. Morano suggests a total compensation communications campaign, which can be realized at a minimal cost. This could also be supplemented at an even lower cost and a more dynamic manner – communicating the benefit plan at a one-to-one basis. With the effective implementation of these strategies, the high anxiety among employees can be minimized drastically, and the productivity of the company can be maintained even during the crises of economic recession. 2. During the time of economic recession, employees are not able to show their appreciation towards the good work of their employees with raises, bonuses or incentives. The constricted budgets do not allow them to be generous towards their employees even if they want it. The employees may experience a lot

A Study On Zero Tolerance Policy

A Study On Zero Tolerance Policy There are hundreds if not thousands of students in any given school. The sheer size and magnitude of the student population encompassed in these schools leads to complications of school safety. Zero tolerance is a policy which was brought about enforcing school safety more firmly, and aimed to better protect students. However, the way in which these students are protected is highly debatable, making the zero tolerance ideology very controversial. Exactly which approach is most effective in protecting a student, let alone, thousands? Is strictness more effective than leniency? Overly strict policies aim to protect the majority, however, severally punish those who have to deal with the wrath of zero tolerance, those who violate the rules. Overly lenient policies can lead to dreadful events, however, give students a sense of reason, in turn creating an understanding of what they have done wrong. In the long run which method is most effective in protecting students? These type of questio ns, along with the excess amount of questionable cases, compose a highly controversial topic. The well being of a student is the single most important factor for public schools. No parent would ever send their child to school if there was a high probability of violence. For this reason there are people who favor zero tolerance. Domoine D. Rutledge, general counsel for the East Baton Rouge Parish School System in Louisiana, reports that zero tolerance policies have aided in creating a culture inside schools that certain things will not be tolerated, period. However, whether or not that policy is effective relies on how fairly its enforced and how consistently its enforced. He continues saying that: Schools districts have had to really balance the interest of the whole school, the student body, teachers and faculty . . . as well as the rights of individual bad actors. The ability to strike that balance, and to do it fairly, more than likely influences the effectiveness of the zero-tolerance policies. Whether or not zero tolerance is effective brings about more argumentative material. Statistical data reports a significant drop in school homicides following the 1999 school shooting at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado strongly suggesting, as Rutledge advocates, zero tolerance has in fact led to safer schools for students. (nces.ed.gov) Kay S. Hymowitz, a contributing editor for a magazine published by the conservative Manhattan Institute, stated that, The arrest of a pair of New Jersey 8-year-olds for pointing paper guns at classmates was just the kind of episode that leads people to question zero-tolerance policies. (Billitteri) Statements such as those insinuate a basis of anti-zero tolerance and further complicate the controversy. However it must be noted that, Its not so easy to distinguish the prankster from the wild-eyed adolescent with a [lethal] plan when lives are at stake, Hymowitz says. (Billitteri) How is one supposed to know the intentions of a giving situa tion? While the general consensus will no doubtingly agree that a pair of 8-year-olds pose little to no threat, on the slight chance of an event occurring, the questions of why werent they stopped or how could you assume will undeniably be asked, and in this sense, it is without a doubt better to assume the ugly and end up being wrong, than to assume no harm and end up with fatal consequences. Hymowitz continues, stating that, Zero tolerance may be more symptom than cure for the uneasy disciplinary climate of our schools. Certainly its no final answer to out-of-control 5-year-olds or revenge-crazed teenagers. But as the threats continue and the bombs and guns appear, its all weve got. (Billitteri) Bringing back the topic of effectiveness, those with the get-tough attitude witness no proof of zero tolerance policies creating a safer environment in schools. In fact, a decade of research on such policies by the American Psychological Association have concluded that zero tolerance can a ctually increase bad behavior and also lead to higher dropout rates. Schools are not any safer or more effective in disciplining children than before these zero-tolerance policies were implemented, the association said. (APA) There is much debate surrounding zero tolerance, however, the real problems arise when zero tolerance is set in motion. The question at hand to those who oppose zero tolerance falls into the legitimacy and fairness of punishment. In Newark, Delaware a 6 year old boy took a camping utensil which can be used as a knife, fork and spoon to school. Naturally anyone can safely assume there is no harm, however, Zachary Christie received 45 days in the districts reform school. (Urbina) In this case, the well being of the students surrounding Christie is thrown out of the window and it comes down to its consistency in being enforced. The boy clearly had no intention in causing harm, however, was treated as if he was. The only reason he was apprehended as a criminal was to set an example. Those who think to bring anything similar to school, be it a fork, a knife, or gun, will think back to Christie and decided not to. While this incident might seem like one of a kind, unfortunately, it is far from that. Zachary Christie is not alone, there are handfuls of cases which bring about much controversy over zero toler ance. During October of 1999 in Atlanta, Georgia a 15 year old South Cobb High School sophomore brought an unloaded gun to school. When school officials found the gun in his backpack he was immediately and permanently expelled from the school district. (Skiba 3) A sixth grader at Whitman Middle School in Seattle, Washington brought a squirt gun, painted black and brown to school during September of 1999. He was expelled after the gun fell out of his book bag during lunch. (Skiba 4) David Silverstein, a seventh grader in Glendale, Arizona, motivated by the film October Sky, brought a homemade rocket to school made out of a potato chip canister. Considered a weapon, school officials suspended him upon arrival. (Skiba 4) During May of 1999 in Pensacola, Florida a sophomore received a 10 day suspension and was threatened with expulsion after loaning her nail clippers to a friend temporarily. Quoted from the principal, Life goes on. You learn from your mistakes. We are recommending expul sion. (Skiba 4) On the morning of a late June day in 1998 two high school seniors in Pinellas County, Florida arrived to school and were immediately expelled. School officials were tipped off that the boys had skipped school and smoked marijuana with some friends. A federal appeals court ruled against the district, stating that the school had not even a scintilla of evidence that the two boys were under the influence at school. (Skiba 5) In February of 1999 in Ewing, New Jersey a freshman was accused of taking drugs and was asked to visit the school nurse to check his pulse and blood pressure. His suspicious behavior which forced this drug screen upon him was because he dozed off in his social studies class. The principal immediately suspended him after he refused to submit to a drug test. Eventually the boy was forced into taking a drug test as the principle declined to readmit him until he had done so. (Skiba 5) A sophomore at Westlake High School in February of 1999 was suspended for two full school weeks after he announced his French teacher was not fluent in the language during the schools morning announcements. School officials considered the comment as a verbal attack against the teacher in an attempt to justify their actions. (Skiba 6) These cases do nothing but illustrate the negative aspects of zero tolerance. However, one can see the argument for zero tolerance as any further actions were eliminated before they could occur. Even though, at what point are schools sending the wrong message, and ultimately, when will this wrong message be more detrimental to students? Another topic of discussion is the message zero tolerance sends to the students. Should the punishment fit the crime? Those in favor of zero tolerance tend to believe the only way to clarify right from wrong is to strictly enforce school policies, and consistently enforce them. While this without a doubt protects the students from possible threats, at the same time one can question whether or not this also sends a negative message. Punishing a student for a petty mistake with grave consequences instills fear among the student population and scares them into conformity. This is not a message students should be receiving. Treating those like Zachary Christie, to use as an example, can negatively affect their mental health. Its much more difficult for Christie to tell right from wrong, and in his mind, he has not done anything wrong, yet still received punishment. To Christie he got punished for nothing, which will affect his psychological wellbeing unconstructively. How will he learn f rom his mistake and how will he look at other things in life now that he has been severally punished for such a small and innocent act? He is 6 years old, he does not need to go through this. Another negative aspect of zero tolerance is that it hinders education. Students unnecessarily miss school to serve their punishment which also leads to future problems. Julia Steiny, a former member of the Providence School Board, reported that a kid [student] whos been suspended is statistically at high risk of dropping out of school. (Steiny) Supporting zero tolerance, Kay S. Hymowitz, a contributing editor for a magazine published by the conservative Manhattan Institute, wrote that Its not so easy to distinguish the prankster from the wild-eyed adolescent with a [lethal] plan when lives are at stake. (Billitteri) To school officials, the assumption of trusting a student who has made a mistake, or is joking around, is a much greater risk. One cannot truly know the intentions of a given situa tion, only can one assume what is going on. To those who are pro-zero tolerance, safety comes first, no matter how accomplished. Zero tolerance is a very intriguing topic simply because of the complexity behind it. Those in favor make incredibly compelling and persuasive arguments. However on the flip side, those who are against it make just as valid arguments. I believe there is too much information out there to be able to claim being on one extreme end of the spectrum, whether its for or against zero tolerance. While to some extent zero tolerance is effective, after going through the plethora amount of research, I ultimately believe zero tolerance is a hindrance and a negative aspect on school safety. Not ended, but rethought I believe zero tolerance needs to go through. While the core idea behind it, safety for every student, sounds great on paper, in practice, it has obviously failed. While there are not many, there are still several cases where small acts have led to obscene punishments, completely blown out of proportion. Another negative aspect of zero tolerance is that it sends the wrong message to stu dents. For these reasons, zero tolerance needs to end in public schools, and needs to be rethought. Works Cited American Psychological Association. Zero Tolerance Policies Are Not As Effective As Thought In Reducing Violence and Promoting Learning In School. APA Press Release. 9 Aug. 2006. Web. 10 Dec. 2009. . Billitteri, Thomas J. Discipline in Schools. CQ Press Electronic Library. 15 Feb. 2008. Web. 23 Nov. 2009. . Hymowitz, Kay S. Zero Tolerance Is Schools First Line of Defense. Manhattan Institute. Newsday, 18 Apr. 2001. Web. 10 Dec. 2009. . Indicators of School Crime and Safety: 2007 Executive Summary. National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) Home Page, a part of the U.S. Department of Education. Dec. 2007. Web. 11 Dec. 2009. . Steiny, Julia. Julia Steiny: Zero-tolerance policies in schools need to end. Rhode Island, Providence, news, sports, entertainment, ads | The Providence Journal. 31 Mar. 2009. Web. 23 Nov. 2009. . Trump, Ken. Zero Tolerance and School Safety. School Safety and School Security Experts: National School Safety and Security Services. Web. 23 Nov. 2009. . Skiba, Russell J. Zero Tolerance, Zero Evidence. Rep. Indiana University: Indiana Education Policy Center, 2009. Urbina, Ian. Its a Fork, Its a Spoon, Its a Weapon? The New York Times Breaking News, World News Multimedia. 11 Oct. 2009. Web. 23 Nov. 2009. .

The Killer Angels and the Battle of Gettysburg Essay examples -- Essay

When an author writes a book he has a message that he is trying to get across to the reader. This message is called a theme. In The Killer Angels Shaara’s theme was freedom for the slaves. The Northerners truly believed that the slaves deserved to be free, and their desire to set slaves free was the cause of the Civil War. Just before the Battle of Gettysburg, Colonel Lawrence Chamberlain of the 20th Maine gave a speech to a group of mutineers. He told them that the war in which they were fighting was unlike any war in history. The war in which they were fighting was not for money, property or power. It was a war to set other men free. After the battle began, Sergeant Tom Chamberlain asked a group of prisoners why they were fighting. They gave no answer, but asked him the same question. Sergeant Chamberlain answered, â€Å"To free the slaves, of course.† The South, however, was against freeing the slaves. The entire Civil War, whether the people were for or against the idea, was about freedom. The Killer Angels was informative, very fascinating and I liked it. I liked the book because I learned many things from it. I’d never thought much about the importance of the Battle of Gettysburg until I read The Killer Angels. From this book I learned many things. I learned that the Battle of Gettysburg was the turning point of the Civil War. Prior to Gettysburg, the South had won most major battles. At Gettysburg, however, the North gained it’s...

Elements of Design in the Green Mile Essay

The Green Mile is an exceptional film that was created in the year 1999. This film was nominated for four academy awards: Best Supporting Actor, Best Picture, Best Sound, and Best Adapted Screenplay. This movie teaches us how different the times were back in the 1900s compared to the way it is now. The movie is set in 1935 which was during the times of the Great Depression. It also illustrates death row and how execution is still a problem to where it is not just and fair. There are several well-known actors that cast in this film. Each actor plays a very unique role and elements of design have a role where it puts everything about this movie into perspective. The cinematographer that helped to create this film had a vital role in putting all of his screen shots together to generate the perfect lighting, images that are seen by the camera, and images that the audience sees upon completion of the film (Goodykontz & Jacobs, 2011). The director, producer, screenwriter, and composer all played important roles in putting this film together to show its exceptional potential at being nominated for four academy awards. The elements of design in the Green Mile are a form of art which cannot be duplicated in a way that they have come together to create this finished product. There is a scene in this film called â€Å"Miracle Worker†. In this particular clip, illustrates how the actors are placed into the scene and positioned on the set. You will see how well their costumes and makeup are done which is part of what makes up the mise en scene. The mise en scene is all of the elements in a film that the audience sees such as the setting, make up and costumes, as well as the movement and placement of the actors. The director, Frank Darabont, is responsible for shooting many different versions on a scene (Goodykontz & Jacobs, 2011). The director will then create the final film based upon the best of those elements. Some directors will allow improvisation which is when actors come up with their own lines that they feel will fit into a particular scene. The production designer, who is also sometimes called the art director, is responsible for maintaining the sets, props and the costumes so that they are in sync with the story and the character’s role (Goodykontz & Jacobs, 2011). Production designers are head of the department on film crews and they are responsible for the art department. Basically, they may be asked to look at scripts to decide how much time the art department needs to spend on films. They also calculate the budgets to figure out how much money will be spent as well. Furthermore, they will provide their design sketches expressing detailing mood, lighting, composition and color to the art directors who oversees the production (Anonymous, 2012). In this scene, the â€Å"Miracle Worker†, the lighting is low because it is night time, but there are lights on inside of the house in the bedroom where the warden wife is lying in bed. The lighting is very dim which evokes a depressing and gloomy mood. It draws the audience into the scene to where they can feel the same pain and sorrow that the actors feel. John Coffey places his lips over the warden’s wife’s lips to retrieve the sickness of the cancer from her body. The chandelier begins to brighten and the sound of the music increases as the scene becomes more intense. There is a sign of bright lighting coming from the woman’s mouth illustrating the cancer leaving her body and going into Coffey’s body as his mouth brightens as well. That lighting is symbolic for the cancer that Coffey took away from her. Then he closes his mouth and the light goes away. However, there is still a bright light on the woman’s face for a couple of seconds as she lies there with her eyes closed, but now her face looks healthy and so young. The lighting in this scene affects the overall story of what the director is trying to tell the audience because it tells you without words what the characters in the film are feeling. It tells you that they are saddened when the light is dim and then in awe and disbelief as it brightens. The warden was in tears and was in disbelief from what he had just scene. So were the rest of the guards. Although, they were in disbelief, they also displayed a sign of relief in that the sickness has left the woman’s body. The film setting was the summer of 1935 when Hanks was a corrections officer in charge of death row inmates at Cold Mountain Penitentiary during the Great Depression days. This is during the time where unemployment was very high. It only got worse in time before it got better. Even taxes had increased which made it that much more difficult for people to survive. During this period of time racism still existed in this culture. John Coffey was beaten, convicted and sentenced for execution all because he was a black man suspected of raping and killing two little white girls with no valid proof. Costuming can tell us almost everything we need to know about a character. The costuming of the woman showed a great deal of sickness within her face. The makeup on her looked so believable that it almost looked like she was a rotting corpse. Then the costuming took a turn as she was healed from the sickness. She became beautiful and peaceful. Elements play a significant role in affecting the film’s plot. For example, Coffey was dirty and sweaty because it was hot. So this illustrated that he was not clean and did not have any clean clothes. He did not come from a place where he had nice attire. Now if he was clean and had on fresh clothes, the scene would not be as emotional. Nobody really expected Coffey and the way he looked to have such supernatural powers except for Hanks because he had already experienced it for himself. Hairstyle and makeup can help tell the story by showing how the character may feel at that point and time in a scene. It can also set the tone of the scene and the audience can feel exactly what the characters are feeling based on how they look. As the warden puts his hand over his mouth, and the screen zooms in on his face, you can see the stress and pain in his eyes when they start to tear up. The three guards are well dressed in uniform. They have ties and hats. They all look very sharp like they’re about to conduct a ceremony. They are well groomed with no facial hair just like military service members in uniform. The guard’s hairstyle and make up tell the audience that they care about their appearance and how they carry themselves as correction officers. They guards display a sense of caution because Coffey is a convicted criminal, but at the same time they display hope as Coffey talks to the warden’s wife and begin to use his supernatural power. In my personal opinion, I think that the mise en scene was very well put in this movie. The use of color which made the room dim definitely heightened the suspense of the film especially during the particular scene where the light goes from dim to bright and then dim again. The warden and the guards were in well placed positions while Coffey sat on the bed and performed his supernatural miracle to cure the warden’s wife from her sickness. The mise en scene was done very well by illustrating that the woman was sick and then healed by a miracle performed by a black man who was wrongfully convicted and sent to death row while he awaited death by electric chair. All of the elements flowed in a harmonious way because the music went well with the lighting when it was dark, and then became bright when Coffey used his super natural powers to heal the sickened woman. The audience is easily drawn into the film because of the cinematography that takes place in the movie. The actors, lighting, music and setting go hand in hand together. Therefore, it is not discordant at all. The design elements are definitely in sync with Frank Darabont’s vision. From the beginning of the scene, the elements in the film were symbolic to his vision. He wanted the audience to feel every bit of emotion that the characters were feeling. The intensity as Coffey spoke to the warden’s wife grew as he introduced himself to the time he ridded her from the illness. Not only did it make the warden cry and the guards emotional, but I’m sure that the audiences who watched this movie were just as emotional as everyone in the film. So Darabont did a great job by piecing everything together to get the right vision for the scene. The Green Mile had great chemistry as everyone played key roles in making this film. The film could not have been accomplished without the help of everyone coming together and doing their part, from the directors to the actors. The elements of the mise en scene were symbolic throughout the movie so that it really touched the audiences. It placed the viewers in the film as if they were part of the script. The director and the cinematography of the film gave it the extra edge that was needed aside from the actors. The elements worked so well together harmoniously that once the film was put together, it couldn’t be done again the way it was the first time around. References Anonymous (2012). Production Designer. http://www.media- match.com/usa/jobtypes/production-designer-jobs-402758.php Goodykoontz, B., & Jacobs, C. P. (2011). Film: From Watching to Seeing. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. https://content.ashford.edu

Company Bre

Company Bre Introduction This paper presents the events associated with the scandal that involved the Bre-x mining company. Historically, the seduction of Gold business has always brought bad scenarios as people maneuver in the quest of enriching themselves. A Canadian mining company, Bre-X was incorporated and headed by David Walsh.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Company Bre-x Scandal specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More During the year of its incorporation, it was listed on the Alberta Stock Exchange. Bre-X was a small mining company that dealt with gold mining. The events that surrounded this company are articulated in this paper. Company Bre-x scandal Bre-X was not profitable until the year 1993 when it exploited the gold in Busang Indonesia. The company became profitable, and its shares consequently became valuable. This led to bigger mining companies wanting to share in the fortune, and several agreements were made by Barrick , Bre-X, The Indonesian government, and the Freeport an American company. The arrangement enabled Bre-X to receive the largest share. Eventually, it turned out that Freeport was tricked, and Borneo had low gold deposits that were poor quality-salted gold. A court case was opened, and several people who were suspected of the crime died mysteriously. In addition, Bre-X shares price collapsed drastically before it was closed down (Francis, 1998). David had followed the advice of Felderhof, a geologist to buy the Busangin Deposits in Indonesia. David hired him as the General manager in charge of Busang explorations. Little was known until when the Busang Gold deposit value was estimated to be 2 million Ounces in 1993 and a final valuing of 30 million in 1995 by Mr. Guzman, a geologist. This saw Bre-X’s shares rise tremendously to $14.87 in 1995.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Lea rn More The share value hit a peak of $280.00 in April 1996 when Bre-X started trading on the Toronto Stock Exchange. The value of the gold deposits continued to increase, and had an estimate of $200 million (Francis, 1998). Major mining firms such as Barrick Gold Corp organized to take over, but they failed. The Indonesian government was involved, as well as the Freeport-McMoRan Copper Gold an American company. The initial agreement was that Barrick was to receive a share of 67.5%; Bre-X was to get 22.5%, and the Indonesian government was allocated 10%. The final deal between Freeport and Bre-X led to an agreement that Bre-X and Freeport exploit the Gold. In this agreement, Freeport was to receive a 15% share, Indonesian interests 40%, and Bre-X 45%. Borneo, the side of the Freeport had low deposits reporting 0.01 grams. On the other hand, Busang, the Bre-X part had large and rich deposits reporting a grade of 4.39 grams. The gold in Borneo was not only small, but was also said to be salted. Salting of gold makes undermines the quality of gold and is not as shiny as pure gold. This raised alarm, and Freeport demanded answers. When investigations were started, several people die mysteriously including Walsh, followed by the tragic downfall of Bre-X mining company (Salinger, 2005). Conclusion The Bre-x mining company scandal had far reaching consequences on the business and individuals involved. Notably, some of the suspects died mysteriously while others went to places where they could not be reached easily to testify in the case.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Company Bre-x Scandal specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The only surviving culprit of the Bre-X mining company, Mr. Felderhof has been charged with several cases including insider trading. However, there is no enough evidence for him to be charged. The justice system in this region did not act fairly to protect the interest of those who had invested in this company. References Francis, D. (1998). Bre-X: The inside story. Toronto: McClelland-Bantam. Salinger, L.M. (2005). Encyclopedia of white-collar corporate crime. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications

Psychology of Television essays

Psychology of Television essays Today many people think that television is the cause of violence in todays youth. Many have pondered that television disturbs traditions as well as interferes with the minds of adolecened children who can not yet comprehend the truth of fiction and reality. Thus television has become a widely talked about controversy, mainly because of the fatal incidents that have been occurring during the past couple of years. Questions are being raised and people want answers. What kind of effects does the television have on human beings? In todays society the public is interested in the detailed information about the content of television. Persons who work in the media are often concerned with what the television portrays and why it portrays the way it does. Even though they know that their shows are representative to their viewers tastes and not that of the real world. Although this information is not acknowledged as fiction or non-fiction it is still portrayed and processed information by the viewer. One must be able to realize, How this information is different from everyday life? By mocking a family, situation, or community, distortions and biases occur on the television when these subjects are compared to real life. Still unsure of these problems the majority of humans watch even when they dont understand why? Television is a medium of novelty, with each new season bringing new shows with dreamier characters and more enticing situations. These shows are successful because they challenge ones wisdom if he or she were in the same situation. This is the reason why people are starting to question and be afraid of the pushed boundaries of television. With the dramatic increase of violence in todays world the programmers are filling ones mind of not wisdom, but the dark escape of violence which makes up the viewers mi ...

Positive impact of social-emotional development learning program Dissertation

Positive impact of social-emotional development learning program - Dissertation Example The effective growth of children needs many factors to be put into consideration. That is one need to ensure that children are given the best care as well as the surroundings to enable them to grow up in a desirable manner. Moreover, they need to understand their personality, feeling, what they expect to receive from people surrounding them, and social roles. The above connotations are at the center of their social-emotional success in their lives. Having a positive impact regarding social-emotional development will support the children’s self-confidence as well as their ability to develop worthwhile and unending friendships. In addition, it will help to change their feeling of importance of those around them (Wong, 2014). Children's social-emotional development motivates all other development's areas and helps children to understand themselves more and be able to express their ideas as well as emotions. Therefore, Schools must give children intellectual and practical material s to help them to develop their emotional and social intelligence. The program is likely to face negative reaction from the people of Hong Kong. They are likely to doubt this program because they do not believe that it is important to produce socially responsible and happy citizens. As a result, most Chinese children are more likely to be poor in express their ideas as well as managing their feeling and lack of self-confident. Therefore, it would be urgent to take research to applying for the social, emotional learning program in Honk Kong schools to fill this gap.

TOPIC NO 9 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

TOPIC NO 9 - Essay Example Factors such as culture and history are not included in the Porter’s five forces industry analysis. Because of this, the model is seen as inadequate as an environmental assessment tool. Moreover, the forces behind the model are grounded on the premise of constant returns to scale by Alfred Marshall in his ‘theory of production.’ This paper aims to discuss the changes, such as increasing returns to scale and their effect on the intensity of the forces. Factors such as culture and history and their effect on the forces are also explored. When constant returns to scale is a vital premise where Michael Porter has derived his Five Forces of the industry model, it mainly based on Alfred Marshall’s theory of production. According to Marshall’s theory of production, for a certain increase in the level of all inputs, the output will increase by the same proportion (ILSTU.edu 2009). This has been identified as the constant returns to scale. The concept of constant returns to scale has been the traditional assumption as regards the theory of production. However, changes in our times state that the concept of constant returns to scale is not always the case for production. As firms strive to build production competitive advantage in order to lead the competition, they strive to produce more outputs for a given increase in the level of the inputs, hence increasing returns to scale. As stated in Porter’s five forces: â€Å"In the traditional economic model, competition among rival firms drives profits to zero. But competition is not perfect and firms are not unsophisticated passive price takers. Rather, firms strive for a competitive advantage over their rivals. The intensity of rivalry among firms varies across industries, and strategic analysts are interested in these differences (AUEB.gr).† â€Å"[†¦] unique industry characteristics that define the industry.

Implications and Recommendations for Research, Policy and Practice Research Paper

Implications and Recommendations for , Policy and Practice - Research Paper Example This research paper explores the implication and recommendations for research, policy, and practice. The researcher focuses on the discussing of how findings of recommendations made for research impact his role as an educator. It is stated that the influence of research on practice has always been predominant in educational materials, pre-service and in-service teacher education, public policy, and public opinions. The researcher describes the research findings that will be the most significant to his specific situation, such as the introduction of new assessment technologies and tools to the students. This will enable the researcher to understand how each of his students learn and bring out some of their special learning needs. The researcher also provides additional recommendation for research and discusses how he will apply recommendations for policy and practice in his role as an educator. This will make the education process more effective and ensuring learning among the student s regardless of their special needs. Most valuable recommendation for research on policy and practice were also described in this research paper as well as additional recommendation for research on policy and practice. A research recommendation on policy and practice that the researcher can suggest is a research on the policies governing the assessment of students. This research should be undertaken with the aim of investigating alternative policies that we can introduce to enhance individually based assessments.

Developing Managers in Business Essay Example for Free

Developing Managers in Business Essay Success in the knowledge economy comes to those who know themselves, their strengths, their values, and how they best perform (Peter Drucker) The main aim of this report is to focus on a particular management development programme and by identifying how it works to determine whether it has been effective in developing the manager for its business. The report looks at how certain management development programmes have been used to become shift/duty manager for a particular organisation. It identifies a range of formal and informal approaches that have been used to ensure effective outcomes. It also includes examining the main external and internal factors that have influenced management development. Furthermore the report identifies any shortcomings and changes that are required to improve the process of developmental management. The main method used to conduct this report was obtaining first hand information from a shift/duty manager at a local food industry; however, relevant literature resources have also been used to support views, evaluations and recommendations made. Rosemary Stewart who has been noted for studies of organisations and managers in action. Based on: Managers and their Jobs, (1967/1987) identified four approaches to defining the term management. Theses are as follows: 1. Theoretical approach: this is based on the development of theories of management, using approaches focused on political, economical, sociological, psychological or anthropological theory and philosophy. 2. Descriptive approach: has been given a very simple definition, the job that managers and supervisors do. 3. Comparative approach: based on the hierarchical organisation and structure within an organisation, also focused on comparison and evaluation methods: 4. Action-based approach: this focuses more on the way that those defined as managers spend their time: management as the activities carried out by managers What is management development? According to Lessem, R (1990) developmental management is humanistic in essence in other words the developmental manager values the whole team and values them for their inter-dependence. In order to fully understand the concept of management development it is essential to know of its historical roots. In the workplace individuals and managers unaware of certain behaviour patterns will unintentionally damage their personal effectiveness. When a manager understands the unique differences between individuals then they are in a more powerful position. They are better able to manage, understand, and lead people towards higher level of productivity, lower frustration, higher morale, and better retention rates. The type of management development programme focused on in this report is basic management training from shift/duty managers. The course itself was split into residential and in-store training with a mentor. The total residential training lasted for eight days at a national training centre and head office. The time limit given to complete the modules specified for this particular programme was twelve weeks, in-store with a mentor. However, twelve weeks being a rough guide as some required more time and candidates regularly completed the modules outside this limit. The course was tailored not only for people with experience but also for example graduates who would have had little or no experience in managing a shift. However, as this particular programme was centred towards the duty manager level its main focus was around people management, whereby it would deal with; staff motivation levels, training, receiving and giving feed back, appraisals etc, rather than actual business management i.e. managing a profit and loss account. There were seventeen modules that needed to be completed, below is a table explaining briefly what these modules were: Modules: Programme: 1-3 Orientation and Getting Started. (was completed during residential) 4-5 Cleanliness, Sanitation and Food Safety. Begins by basic training as would be for all members of staff within the organisation, then becomes more involved in how to effectively manage a team to ensure food safety and cleanliness standards are high as they are constantly observed and monitored. 6-7 Safety, Security and Crisis Management. How to ensure the safety of staff and customers on shift, including health and safety. Basically teaches the manager how to deal with anything from a power cut to an armed robbery. 8-9 Product Excellence. Begins quite basic as to how to identify an out of date product, then becomes more in depth regarding basic stock control, ordering procedures etc. 10-12 Basic Human Resource and Labour Management. Dealt with how to effectively manage a team, including exercises on legal responsibilities of a manager with regards to discrimination, grievance procedures and disciplinary action as well as staff training issues, coaching, how to motivate a team and managing cost of labour on a shift-to-shift basis. 13 Service Recovery. How to prevent, anticipate and deal with customer complaints and how to effectively observe and analyse team member performance to reduce the risk of a complaint. 14 Opening the Restaurant. 15 Shift Change. 16 Closing the Restaurant. The above three points (14-16) are self explanatory. Trainee managers were expected to work through these whilst observing the mentor complete the tasks in order to see how the aspect of previous modules were put into practice for example; stock control, security, cost of labour etc. 17 Floor Management. Dealing with problems prior to them becoming formal complaints or even accidents. This included the figure of eight walk, prioritising new unexpected tasks and team member recognition. The modules were very general, however, before putting theory into practice observation played a vital role, whereby trainees were to observe their mentors completing certain tasks in order to learn how to tailor tasks to suit the environment. Upon completing the training there was a test followed by an interview with the Area Manager in which the test results were discussed and the standards of completed modules were assessed. The informal approaches used whilst completing the management development programme was the mentor advising best practices for within the restaurant. The formal approaches used were the completion of modules and work books as well as observations where both candidates were observing the mentor and the mentor observing the candidate. The programme in itself prepared the trainees for a position as duty manager. The programme was learner centred and in some cases lack of motivation or resources meant that it lasted longer than the original given deadline of twelve weeks. There were both external and internal factors that influenced the development of duty/shift managers working. The main external factors were that being a food preparation industry, there were many laws and government regulations pertaining to food, safety and obviously regulations for health and safety and employment laws that needed to be learned and put into practice. The main internal factors that influenced management development were the standards set by the company which every manager and team member were expected to have extensive knowledge of. This covered every aspect of the business from the way tables were set to uniform standards to dealing with complaints in a professional manner, which involved more in depth training for management trainees. Although the training provided to trainee managers was quite extensive, practical experience gained via mentors seemed more knowledgeable, as stated quite clearly in the quote below from a previous trainee manager: I feel that I learned a lot from the course, the modules and the work books as it introduced me to a lot of legal aspects of the food industry which I would not have learned otherwise, but I found that I learned more from the time spent with my mentor about how to be a manager that team members respected. As recognised by A.Mumford (1993) there are five stages in the evolution of thought about what managers do; these are [1] The generalisation stage [2] The scientific stage [3] The management by objective stage [4] The contingency/ realistic stage [5] The competency stage .. Many organizations are turning to behaviour assessments and personality trait testing for both hourly workers and managers. Back in the late 90s, only 5 percent of 500 companies used some type of assessment. Today, that figure is climbing to 65 percent. A year 2000 study by American Management Association showed nearly half of 1,085 employers polled use at least one assessment in their interviewing process. Assessments can help: * Individuals identify their strengths, know which jobs they are best suited for, and design a development plan to overcome shortcomings. * HR managers predict a job applicants success before they are hired. * Business owners understand the temperament and work style of individual employees and managers. * Supervisors can give performance feedback to people in a style they understand and accept for improving performance and accelerating professional development. * People enhance communication, understanding, and improve personal relationships. * Sales managers select, hire, develop, and motivate super sales people. For example a company would use the assessment process to improving their hiring and recruitment process. If for instance, previously they made decisions based on the candidates resume and then hired the person based on their gut reaction. Once hired, many of these new people created friction, had bad work ethics, and their attitudes had a negative impact on their co-workers. Conclusion: Developing people is less expensive than firing them. By understanding behaviour differences an organization can align an employees motivations with the companys mission. Assessments also help individuals reduce conflict and get along better. Furthermore, co-workers appreciate each persons unique strengths and abilities. With this knowledge organizations and managers can maximize the abilities of their workforce in ways to help make all employees star performers. References: Lessem, R. (1990) Developmental Management: principles of holistic business Oxford, Basil Blackwell Managers and their Jobs (Penguin, 1977, new edition 1988); The Reality of Organisation (Penguin, 1972, new edition 1986); The Diversity of Management 1994.

Destiny, Fate, Free Will and Free Choice in Oedipus the King - Impact of Fate :: Oedipus the King Oedipus Rex

Oedipus The King and His Fate Oedipus The King, by Sophocles, is a play about how Oedipus lives up his fate that he will kill his father and marry his mother, both of which are extremely bad in the Greek society, even though he thinks he is getting away from it. Despite the Greek notions of supreme power of the gods and fate, Oedipus' downfall is primarily the result of King Laius' and his own actions and attempts to defy the gods, consequently Sophocles says that prophecies from the gods of someone's fate should not be ignored. Prophecies from the Oracle of Delphi are told to King Laius and Queen Jocasta, and to Oedipus. Sophocles says that prophecies from the gods of someone's fate should not be ignored when King Laius went to the Oracle of Delphi and received a prophecy that his child, Oedipus, was going to kill him and marry his wife, Jacosta. " Shepherd - No! No! I said it before--I gave him the child...It was the son of Laius, so I was told. But the lady inside, your wife, she is the one to tell you. Oedipus - Did she give it to you? Shepherd - Yes, my lord, she did...To destroy it...She was afraid of dreadful prophecies...The child would kill its parents, that was the story. Oedipus - Then why did you give it to this old man here? Shepherd - In pity master. I thought he would take it away to a foreign country-- to the place he came from. If you are the man he says you are, you were born the most unfortunate of men." (86-89) When King Laius heard this prophecy and returned to Thebes to tell of this prophecy to his wife, they planned to kill their child, but neither had the guts to do it. They had a servant shepherd bring their child to Mt. Cithaeron to kill it, but the servant felt pity for the child and gave him to a fellow Shepherd from Corinth in hopes he could take it to a foreign country to take care of it. Sophocles says that prophecies from the gods of someone's fate should not be ignored when he tells that when Oedipus was in the care of his foster parents, Polybus and Merope, he took a journey to The Oracle of Delphi without them knowing.

The Argentine Economic Crisis 1999-2002 Essay -- Essays Papers

The Argentine Economic Crisis 1999-2002 Basic Information About Argentina Argentina is a nation located on the East coast of the sothern-most tip of South America. It occupies an area of 2,766,890 square kilometers, which is approximately equal to about three-tenths the size of the United States. It has a population of nearly 40 million people with a growth rate of 1.13%. The populace is 97% Caucasian (primarily of Italian and Spanish decent) with various indigenous groups comprising the remaining 3%. Over 90% of the population is Catholic. The primary language of the nation is Spanish. The national literacy rate is around 96% (CIA). Argentina has been a democracy since 1983, before 1983 it suffered from a tumultuous period during which it fluctuated between democratic and authoritarian rule. It is currently a constitutional republic with mandatory suffrage of all citizens over 18 years of age. The current president is Eduardo Alberto Duhalde, who has held power since he was appointed to the position of presidency on the second of January 2002 (CIA). The Argentinian economy enjoys a well diversified industrial sector along with a well developed export-oriented agricultural sector . Argentina also benefits from extensive natural resources and a well educated populace. Major industries in Argentina include food processing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, textiles, chemicals and petrochemicals, printing, metallurgy, steel. Argentina boasts a GDP of $453 billion (2001) with about 6% devoted to agriculture, 28% devoted to industry and 66% devoted to services. Its primary export partners are Brazil (25.1% of all exports), the United States (18.7%), Germany (5%), and China (4.6%). In spi... ... Norden, Deborah L. and Roberto Russel. The United States and Argentina. New York: Routledge, 2002. Mussa, Michael. â€Å"Argentina and the Fund: From Triumph to Tragedy.† Policy Analysis in International Economics 67 (2002) The Argentine Crisis: Chronology of Events After Sovereign Default Since April 7 June 2002. Standard and Poors. March 12, 2003 The Argentine Financial Crisis: A Chronology of Events January 31, 2002 CRS Report for Congress. March 3, 2003 < http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/8040.pdf> United States Congress, House of Representatives. Subcommittee International Monetary Policy and Trade. Hearing on the State of Argentine Economic Crisis and the Role of the International Monetary Fund. 5 March 2002 The Argentine Economic Crisis 1999-2002 Essay -- Essays Papers The Argentine Economic Crisis 1999-2002 Basic Information About Argentina Argentina is a nation located on the East coast of the sothern-most tip of South America. It occupies an area of 2,766,890 square kilometers, which is approximately equal to about three-tenths the size of the United States. It has a population of nearly 40 million people with a growth rate of 1.13%. The populace is 97% Caucasian (primarily of Italian and Spanish decent) with various indigenous groups comprising the remaining 3%. Over 90% of the population is Catholic. The primary language of the nation is Spanish. The national literacy rate is around 96% (CIA). Argentina has been a democracy since 1983, before 1983 it suffered from a tumultuous period during which it fluctuated between democratic and authoritarian rule. It is currently a constitutional republic with mandatory suffrage of all citizens over 18 years of age. The current president is Eduardo Alberto Duhalde, who has held power since he was appointed to the position of presidency on the second of January 2002 (CIA). The Argentinian economy enjoys a well diversified industrial sector along with a well developed export-oriented agricultural sector . Argentina also benefits from extensive natural resources and a well educated populace. Major industries in Argentina include food processing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, textiles, chemicals and petrochemicals, printing, metallurgy, steel. Argentina boasts a GDP of $453 billion (2001) with about 6% devoted to agriculture, 28% devoted to industry and 66% devoted to services. Its primary export partners are Brazil (25.1% of all exports), the United States (18.7%), Germany (5%), and China (4.6%). In spi... ... Norden, Deborah L. and Roberto Russel. The United States and Argentina. New York: Routledge, 2002. Mussa, Michael. â€Å"Argentina and the Fund: From Triumph to Tragedy.† Policy Analysis in International Economics 67 (2002) The Argentine Crisis: Chronology of Events After Sovereign Default Since April 7 June 2002. Standard and Poors. March 12, 2003 The Argentine Financial Crisis: A Chronology of Events January 31, 2002 CRS Report for Congress. March 3, 2003 < http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/8040.pdf> United States Congress, House of Representatives. Subcommittee International Monetary Policy and Trade. Hearing on the State of Argentine Economic Crisis and the Role of the International Monetary Fund. 5 March 2002

Outline and Evaluate One or More Biological Explanations to Schizophrenia

Outline and evaluate one or more biological explanations of schizophrenia (8 marks AO1/16 marks AO1) Schizophrenia is classified as a mental disorder that shows profound disruption of cognition and emotion which affects a person’s language, perception, thought and sense of self. The dopamine hypothesis states that schizophrenic’s neurones transmitting dopamine release the neurotransmitter too easily, leading to the characteristic symptoms of schizophrenia.This hypothesis claims that schizophrenics have abnormally high amounts of D2 receptors; receptors that receive dopamine, therefore resulting in a higher amount of D2 receptors binding to the receptors causing more impulses. Dopamine neurotransmitters play a key role in guiding attention, so an imbalance of this neuron leads to problems relating to attention, perception and thought. Amphetamines are a dopamine agonist drug, which stimulates the neurons containing dopamine. According to the dopamine hypothesis, large do ses of the drug lead to the characteristic schizophrenic symptoms, hallucinations and delusions.The development and use of Antipsychotic drugs to treat schizophrenia support the dopamine hypothesis. The drugs work by blocking activity of dopamine and have been shown to alleviate symptoms of schizophrenia, such as hallucinations, delusions and thinking problems associated with the disorder. This is because by reducing dopamine activity helps to maintain a constant level in guiding attention, leading to a decrease in key schizophrenic symptoms of hallucinations and delusions because they can be caused by being overly attentive.Statistics increase the reliability of the biological explanation of the dopamine hypothesis for explaining schizophrenia; as they show Antipsychotics have a 60% success rate. Therefore, this shows a link between high levels of dopamine activity and schizophrenia, as antipsychotics work by blocking the dopamine activity. This has led to more effective treatment, allowing those with schizophrenia to improve their quality of life, However, a meta-analysis investigation on post mortem studies on schizophrenics has produced contradicting evidence about the dopamine hypothesis.The contradictive evidence by Haracz (1982) showed that those who died whilst on a course of the antipsychotic drugs actually had higher levels of dopamine activity than those not using the antipsychotic drugs. This occurs because the neurotransmitter builds up in the synapse of the neurone whilst the drug blocks to D2 receptors and as the drug wears off, more impulses are initiated by the neurotransmitters, causing the schizophrenic symptoms.This means the dopamine hypothesis lack reliability in explaining schizophrenia because antipsychotics could be responsible for increasing dopamine activity and therefore actually increase the schizophrenic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusion, which decreases the schizophrenic’s quality of life as they live in a const ant psychosis state where they have lost touch with reality. The development of neuroimaging techniques such as PET scans (a 3D image of the brain obtained by a nuclear machine) has led to supporting evidence for numerous explanations, yet has so far failed to provide evidence supporting the dopamine hypothesis.This questions the reliability of the biological approaches claim that increased activity of the neurotransmitter dopamine as the neurologists have closely examined the brain and differences in dopamine activity in schizophrenics and healthy individuals. This lack of evidence means that treatments produced to help those with schizophrenia may not be successful in treating schizophrenia as there may be a possibility that the dopamine hypothesis is not accurate in explaining schizophrenia. The biological explanation of schizophrenia also claims that the disorder can be inherited.The more common the disorder is among the biological relatives and the closer the degree of genetic relatedness increases the risk of the child developing schizophrenia. Gottesman’s research (1991) found a genetic link with schizophrenia when looking at children and their relatives. The research discovered that children with two schizophrenic parents have a concordance rate of 46% compared to children who just have one schizophrenic parent to children who have a concordance rate of 13% and siblings just 9%.The genetic theory of schizophrenia also suggests that monozygotic twins (twins who a genetically identical) should have a higher concordance rate of schizophrenia than dizygotic twins (twins who are not genetically identical) because they have a closer degree of genetic relatedness. Adoption studies support the genetic theory that schizophrenia can be inherited as they provide evidence that the environment does not affect inheritance rate. The supporting study was carried out by Tienari in Finland. He investigated 164 adoptees that biological mothers have been diagnosed with schizophrenia and found 6. % also received a diagnosis, compared to 2% of the control group of adoptees. This means that that there is a genetic liability to schizophrenia, as more of with the biological mother having schizophrenia develop schizophrenia than the control group. As a result, this increases reliability of the biological approaches explanation to schizophrenia as it indicates genetic factors play a major role in the development of schizophrenia and environmental factors such as a different upbringing do not inhibit this.However, Tienari’s research did not produce a statistic proving the majority of those who have biological mothers with schizophrenia developed the disorder later in life. The study showed only 6. 7% of the adopted children with a relative with schizophrenia developed the disorder, yet 93. 3% didn’t develop the disorder. This suggests that environmental factors also play a key role in causing schizophrenia – not just the genetic factors – which inclines a lack of internal validity to the biological explanation.This means that the therapies based on the biological explanation of schizophrenia will not be effective as they do not consider all factors affecting the disorder, leading to those suffering with schizophrenia not able to improve their quality of life. Investigations on monozygotic and dizygotic twins also support the theory that genetic factors play an important role in schizophrenia. The study showed that there was a concordance rate of 40. 4% for monozygotic twins yet only 7. 4% concordance rate of dizygotic twins.A concordance rate shows how many times both twins developed the disorder. These findings supports the genetic position because they show the monozygotic concordance rate, twin who are 100% genetic similar, to be far higher than dizygotic twins, who only have about a 50% genetic similarity. Therefore, this increases the reliability of the biological explanation of schizophrenia as it shows that the closer degree of genetic similarity there is, the increased likelihood of the relative developing the disorder. It can be argued that the biological explanation to schizophrenia is reductionist.This is because it does not consider the environmental factors involves with developing schizophrenia, only what does on inside the brain. For example, the genetic theory states that schizophrenia is inherited, yet research only found a concordance rate of 40. 4% for monozygotic twins. If schizophrenia was caused 100% by inheritance and degree of genetic similarity, the concordance rate for monozygotic twins should be 100% as they are genetically identical. Thereby, this reduces the reliability of the biological explanation as it does not consider other factors affecting schizophrenia, such as the environmental factors.